Ekupheleni konyaka odlule, iFashion Nova yaba sematheni ngoba uhlobo olusheshayo lwedenim olubiza u-$25 kanye nengubo yevelvet engu-$35 lwalungemuva kweqembu “labasebenzi abakhokhelwa ngasese” ababesebenza efektri yaseLos Angeles befuna izindleko eziphansi, kodwa lokho impela.I-Instagrammable-clothing kanye nezinsiza eziqashelwe ngokuqinile izihlabani ezifana noCardi B noKardashian/Jenners.Ngokombiko wangoDisemba 2019 weNew York Times, izingubo zeFashion Nova “zakhiqizwa emafekthri amaningi e-[Los Angeles] futhi zikweleta amakhulu ezisebenzi ama-dollar ayizigidi ezi-3.8 zamadola aseMelika.”Abanye babo kuthiwa abantu bakhokha u-$2.77 ngehora ngamapayipi abo endle.”
Selokhu yasungulwa ngo-2006, isizuze umlando omningi weminyaka eyinkulungwane, i-fashion nova (Fashion Nova) eSouthern California, isiphakamiso sayo somphakathi asiyona neze inoveli.Eqinisweni, zikhombisa lezo zinkampani osekunesikhathi eside zihlupha izinkampani ezidayisa ekomkhulu lasekhaya.I-Forever 21, eye yaqothuka, isicashunwe nguMnyango Wezabasebenzi (“DOL”) izikhathi eziningi.s Ukuhlukaniswa kwamaholo ngehora kanye nezindlela zawo zokukhiqiza.
Lapho i-“New York Times” iphumela obala ngendlela emangalisayo, umeluleki jikelele weFashion Nova wathi: “Noma isiphi isiphakamiso sokuthi iFashion Nova inesibopho sokukhokhela amaholo amancane abantu abasebenza ngomkhiqizo wethu akulungile.”Ngaso leso sikhathi, inkampani yagomela ngokuthi Isebenzisana nabahlinzeki abangaphezu kuka-700 umsebenzi wabo uwukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ethile ethrendayo ethengiswayo, “ehambisana ngokuqinile nomthetho waseCalifornia.”
Nakuba okutholwe yi-DOL kubonakala kukhombisa ngokusobala ukwephulwa kweholo okubi kakhulu nabasebenzi, kodwa kuphela uma inkampani ikwazi ukuzibeka ngempumelelo njengomthengisi wezingubo, isimangalo se-Fashion Nova sokuthi ihambisana nomthetho waseCalifornia singase sibe yiqiniso.Nezesekeli, hhayi umenzi.Lobu buchwepheshe bubalulekile ngoba kusho ukuthi izinkampani nezinye izinkampani zingakhululwa esikweletini ngaphansi kwe-AB 633 (umthetho “wengqopha-mlando” wokulwa nokujuluka ophasiswe yi-California emashumini amabili eminyaka adlule).
I-AB 633 yasungulwa ngo-1999. Inhloso yayo ukuvimbela amaholo emboni yezingubo eCalifornia egcwele ama-sweatshops (lapho ingxenye enkulu yemboni yezingubo e-United States ikhona) ukuthi ingantshontshwa.Noma yiziphi izisebenzi zithola umholo wazo lapho.Ezinkampanini ezikhiqiza izingubo zokugqoka ezenza ibhizinisi nomuntu, umthetho ubukeka uyindlela ethembisayo yokuqeda ukuhlukumeza kombuso osekuhlasele yonke imboni yokukhiqiza izingubo.
Kodwa-ke, kusukela ekudluleni kwe-AB 633 (ecasula kakhulu izinkampani zemfashini nezingubo zaseCalifornia), ukusebenza kwayo kube yindaba yokubuyekezwa njalo.Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi i-AB 633 igxile kubantu “alinyazwe abakhiqizi bezingubo, abasebenzi, osonkontileka, noma osonkontileka abancane abahluleka ukukhokha amaholo noma izinzuzo”, ukuziphatha kwabathengisi (njengeFashion Nova) Funda umthetho ngokuqinile.
Njengoba uHilda Solis, ilungu Lebhodi Labaphathi Besifunda SaseLos Angeles (owayenguNobhala Wezabasebenzi wase-United States), esanda kusho: “Eminyakeni engu-20 edlule, abathengisi nabakhiqizi abathile baye basungula izinkontileka ezingaphansi ukuze bagweme umthetho, ngaleyo ndlela bagweme Ukuhlukaniswa njengengubo. umkhiqizi.Futhi nokugwema ukubophezeleka [ngokuka-AB 633], ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjwe izinkulungwane zabasebenzi bezingubo e-Los Angeles County ekubuyiseni amaholo antshontshiwe.”
Indima ebalulekile endleleni yokuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwezingubo ezibunjiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinkampani ezicebile zingabalekela umthwalo wemfanelo?Phakade21.Njengoba i-Los Angeles Times yabika ngo-2017, lapho i-DOL ibhekene necala le-DOL elibandakanya ukwephulwa kwabasebenzi namaholo ochungechungeni lwayo lokuhlinzeka, i-Forever 21 yazuza ku-AB633.Ukuze ugweme imiphumela engokomthetho, “Phakade 21 [ngokusobala ilele] kumthengisi, hhayi kumkhiqizi.”, ngoba konke ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla zokugqoka nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezithengiswayo kwenziwa ngaphandle kweketango labasebenzi.Ngakho-ke, abameli benkampani baphikisa ngokuthi “kube (okungenani) isinyathelo esisodwa kude nefektri yaseLos Angeles."Isimangalo saso sisebenzile: Ngokombiko we-Los Angeles Times, kusukela ngo-2017, "izimboni zokuthunga kanye nabakhiqizi abakhulu bakhokhe amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamaRandi ukuze baxazulule izimangalo zalaba basebenzi, futhi "kuze kube phakade 21" akudingeki ukhokhe imali. isenti.imali.”
Ezinye izinkampani ezifanayo zalandela okufanayo futhi zabheka ukuba sengozini okuhlinzekwe i-AB 633 njengegazi lempilo.
Kulo mongo, i-California State Senate empeleni ayizange ikhulume.USenator Wesifunda u-María Elena Durazo (María Elena Durazo) wethula futhi wethula umthethosivivinywa omusha ngo-February 2020. Futhi osonkontileka abancane) banesibopho samaholo abantu ngabanye abaqashiwe.
Umthethosivivinywa omusha (i-SB-1399), uma ugunyazwe ngokusemthethweni, uzogcwalisa imbobo ye-AB 633 ukuvimbela abathengisi ekubalekeleni isibopho sokwephulwa kwamaholo nabasebenzi okungenzeka ngaphansi kophahla lwabo kodwa okusenzeka emaketangeni abo okuhlinzeka..Akukhona lokho kuphela, kuzovimbela ngokwezinga elikhulu ukwakheka komholo okuvame ukusetshenziswa, lapho amaholo kufanele akhokhelwe abantu ngabanye ngokusekelwe enanini lezimpahla abazikhiqizayo, futhi kufanele kwamukelwe uhlelo lwamaholo ngehora.Lolu shintsho lungasiza ukuqeda lonke uhlelo lokukhokha, oluvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bagweme ukukhokhela abasebenzi umholo wamanje wehora wesifunda ongu-$14.25.
USolis uveze ukuthi balinganiselwa ku-45,000 abasebenzi bezingubo eLos Angeles County.Isilinganiso sehora sabasebenzi bezingubo singu-$5.15 ngehora, kanti amahora abo ajwayelekile okusebenza angaphezu kwayi-12 ngosuku, kanti amahora abo okusebenza masonto onke aphakathi kwamahora angama-60 nangama-70.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kokwelula incazelo yokwenziwa kwezingubo ukuthi ifake ukudaya, ukushintsha idizayini yezingubo, kanye nokunamathisela amalebula ezingutsheni, umthethosivivinywa uzophinde ugunyaze abaphenyi be-Field Enforcement Bureau kaKhomishana Wezabasebenzi Wombuso ukuthi bashicilele izinkomba kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka., Hhayi nje kusonkontileka, ukuze isiphathimandla esinekhono sibe nekhono lokuzibophezela “kumthengisi”.
Umthetho awukasayinwa, futhi umthethosivivinywa uthole izimpendulo ezihlukene.Nakuba ithole imvume yokuqala evela e-California State Senate Labor, Ikomidi Lokuqashwa Komphakathi Nezomhlalaphansi ngoMeyi, futhi muva nje ithole ukugunyazwa okuphelele kweSigele Sombuso, akungabazeki ukuthi ibhekene nokucindezelwa yizinhlangano ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa i-California Fashion.Le nhlangano iyinhlangano yezohwebo amalungu ayo ahlanganisa izinkampani ezifana ne-Dov Charney's Los Angeles Apparel, i-Alibaba ne-Topson Downs, kanye nezinkampani zabameli ezaziwa ngokungahambisani ne-Fashion Nova ne-Forever 21.
Njengamanje, lo mthethosivivinywa usadinga ukugunyazwa yisishayamthetho sezwe, futhi ekugcineni kufanele usayinwe nguMbusi uGavin Newsom (Gavin Newsom) ngaphambi kokuthi uphasiswe.
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